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NEW QUESTION 69
HUMDRUM : BORE
- A. nutritious:sicken
- B. heartrending:move
- C. stodgy:excite
- D. grim:amuse
- E. pending:worry
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 70
INTERLOPER : MEDDLE ::
- A. advocate : espouse
- B. misanthrope : usurp
- C. dilettante : proselytize
- D. rogue : repent
- E. ombudsman : refine
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is a "defining characteristic" analogy. An INTERLOPER seeks to MEDDLE (interfere) in the affairs of
another. An advocate(ally) will espouse(support or defend) a particular viewpoint or cause. In both cases,
the second word describes the inherent objective of the first.
NEW QUESTION 71
The first person in the group starts off by naming anything that is geographical. It could be a city, state,
country, river, lake, or any proper geographical term. For example, the person might say,"Boston." The
second person has ten seconds to think of how the word ends and come up with another geographical
term starting with that letter. The second participant might say, "Norway," since the geographical term has
to start with "N." The third person would have to choose a word beginning with " Y." If a player fails to think
of a correct answer within the time limit, that player is out of the game. The last person to survive is the
champion.
The answer must be-
- A. along a coast line
- B. proper geographical terms
- C. in the same region
- D. in New York
- E. within the United States
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 72
One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the
youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas II. During his reign over Russia, the Czar had planned to revoke
many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored
for more rapid social reform. In 1918 a group of these people, known as Bolsheviks, overthrew the
government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the Czar and what was thought to be his entire family.
Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the Czar's family had been executed, there were
rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand
Duchess AnastasiA. Perhaps the best -known claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also
known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, eighteen months after the Czar's execution, this terrified young
woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she
attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled
Anastasia and questioned heer about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the Czar's
family. Eight years later, though, she claimed that she was AnastasiA. She said that she had been
rescued by two Russian soldiers after the Czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers
named Tschaikovsky had carried her into RomaniA. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken
her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother's
family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the Czar's
relatives, exservants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and
mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known. Her grandmother and other relatives
denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tried of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated
to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was
Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother's family. There she
declaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. In 1957,
the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia's identity. Although we will probably
never know whether this woman was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity
has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies.
She was unable to ___the aid of her relative.
- A. call upon
- B. identify
- C. locate
- D. know
- E. speak about
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION 73
The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian empire in 490 B. C. is one of
the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian empire, was furious because Athens had
interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an
enormous army to defeat Athens.
He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one
man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were
prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon,
which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek
city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not
wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not return until the Persians had
left. They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Etria and captured its people. Tiny
Athens stood alone against PersiA. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for
deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and
moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meet the Persians. At the last moment,
soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops. The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens
fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the
Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in archery and hand combat.
Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror.
Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6400 Persians died, compared with only 192 Athenians.
The Athenians were ___by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea.
- A. captured
- B. held
- C. strengthened
- D. welcomed
- E. answer not available
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION 74
The _______ and _______ lifestyle of certain types of primates differs greatly from the habits of most
primate species, who are active during the day and who form societies based on quite complex
interrelationships.
- A. nomadic . . lonely
- B. diurnal . . gregarious
- C. nocturnal . . solitary
- D. sedentary . . omnivorous
- E. inactive . . monogamous
Answer: C
Explanation:
The two missing words should convey a contrast for the second half of the sentence, as indicated by the
phrase "differs greatly." ChoiceD.works because nocturnal opposes "active during the day," and solitary
opposes the idea of "quite complex interrelationships.".
NEW QUESTION 75
The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ___.
- A. Greenwich
- B. The equator
- C. Spain
- D. Portugal
- E. Madrid
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 76
SCALE : TONE :
- A. spectrum : color
- B. texture : sensation
- C. wave : frequency
- D. prism : hue
- E. form : shape
Answer: A
Explanation:
This is a "part-to-whole" analogy. A musical SCALE is comprised of a series of TONES that are arranged
in a fixed sequence; similarly, the spectrum is comprised of a series of colors arranged in a particular
sequence.
NEW QUESTION 77
Human cells are programmed to selfdestruct at the same rate at which they are generated. However, the
programs can malfunction, resulting either in excessive cell growth, which can lead to cancer, or
excessive cell destruction, which can lead to degenerative diseases. As for the latter, using a tool called
RNA interference, researchers can turn off the functions of genes individually and, by observing the
results, determine which genes influence the process of cell death. Geneticists have isolated more than
one hundred different human genes that prevent cells from self-destructing. However, these genes
operate interdependently toward this end; moreover, most such genes serve other functions as well,
including cell differentiation and proliferation. Scientists are just beginning to identify the gene groups that
play key roles in the prevention of cell death and to understand the intricacies of how these groups
function, not just as units but also together, in what appears to be a vast network. Building on this
knowledge, researchers hope to learn how to precisely manipulate the process of cell death in humans-a
crucial step toward the development of diagnostics and treatments that target the specific diseases
associated with out-of-control cell destruction.
The author's primary concern in the passage is to
- A. summarize the findings of recent scientific research on degenerative diseases
- B. explain the methodology by which researchers are learning how to control cell death
- C. propose a theory to account for the increasing variety of degenerative diseases in humans
- D. provide hope that scientists will soon discover a cure for many degenerative diseases
- E. describe the process of cell death and regeneration in the human body
Answer: B
Explanation:
The author's overall concern is with describing the process researchers are following to identify the genes
responsible for preventing cell death and with the direction (and goals) of current research based on their
findings. Of the five choices, choiceB.best expresses the gist of the discussion.
NEW QUESTION 78
Many great inventions are greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no
exception. Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17,1903, were
excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive
to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine,
impulsive fools.
Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued
their experiments in aviation. Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in
aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and
mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated
a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brother's interest in
flight grew into a compulsion. Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his
body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched
for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights
tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers' inability to obtain enough lift
power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts. After further study, the Wright brothers
concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong.
They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of their efforts,
the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved
surfaces. This work, in turn, made it possible for them to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the
Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than one thousand dollars. They even designed and built
their own source of propulsion- a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December
1 7, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for twelve seconds,
however, and it flew one hundred twenty feet. By 1905 the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that
could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour at a time. Others had flown in balloons or in hang
gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full-size machine that could fly under its own power.
As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright
brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation.
The Wright's interest in flight grew into a ____.
- A. answer not in article
- B. need to act
- C. plan
- D. foolish thought
- E. financial empire
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION 79
SHUN : DISAPPROVAL ::
- A. study : studiousness
- B. nap : relaxation
- C. envy : ambition
- D. give : greed
- E. lie : insecurity
Answer: B
Explanation:
This is a "symptom, sign, or manifestation" analogy. To SHUN is to avoid or ignore. One who expresses
DISAPPROVAL of the behavior of another might show that disapproval by shunning the other person. So
shunning is one possible sign of disapproval (but not a defining characteristic of it). Similarly, anapa
possible sign of relaxation(but not a defining characteristic of it).
NEW QUESTION 80
COTTON : SOFT ::
- A. nylon : strong
- B. silk : expensive
- C. iron : hard
- D. wood : polished
- E. wool : warm
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is a "intrinsic aspect or quality" analogy. COTTON is SOFT to the touch; similarly, an iron is hard to
the touch. These are both inherent tactile characteristics.
NEW QUESTION 81
IMPEDE:
- A. comply
- B. hasten
- C. progress
- D. engulf
- E. deny
Answer: B
Explanation:
To IMPEDE is to "hinder or obstruct" (as in impede progress); to hasten is to cause an event to occur
sooner than it otherwise might.
NEW QUESTION 82
CARETAKER : ATTENTIVE ::
- A. mansion : spacious
- B. writing : legible
- C. mule : obstinate
- D. meat : broiled
- E. hair : curly
Answer: B
Explanation:
This is an "ideal characteristic of" analogy. A good CARETAKER is ATTENTIVE; in fact, "attending to" is
the function of a caretaker. Similarly, good writing is legible; in fact, the purpose of writing is usually that it
be read.
NEW QUESTION 83
American history scholars generally attribute formation of the League of Indian Nations to Degandawida,
who convinced the warring and fiercely autonomous Iroquois nations to embrace his radical idea for a
league by tying it to familiar Iroquois customs and institutions. He associated the notion of peace and
partnership with the Iroquois custom by which the families of slain warriors adopted war prisoners into the
tribe. He invoked unquestioned social institutions as symbols, comparing the League to the traditional
Iroquois clan in which several families share a "Longhouse" and likening the Great Council, comprised of
representatives from each nation, to the Longhouse's ever-burning Council Fire. And he assigned to each
nation specific duties in order to assuage its fear of losing national identity. (For instance, he assigned to
the Onondagas, who were centrally positioned geographically, the role of perpetual hosts.) Perhaps most
persuasive, however, was how Degandawida's League replicated the power structure of the traditional
Iroquois clan. Each of the five Iroquois nations was comprised of matriarchal totemic clans in which the
chiefs were men, the clan heads were women, and the chief's children were considered members of his
wife's clan. Degandawida determined that the heads of each nation should select their League
representatives, thereby effectively precluding the possibility of League representatives passing their
power on to their sons, as well as decreasing the likelihood that a pro-war representative would be
appointed. Iroquois unification under the League lasted about two centuries, when disagreement as to
whether to become involved in the American Revolutionary war divided the Iroquois. The revolutionaries'
success and their subsequent encroachment upon Iroquois lands forced many Iroquois to resettle in
Canada, while those who remained behind lost respect from other Indian nations. The introduction of
distilled spirits led to widespread alcoholism and, in turn, to a rapid decline of the culture and population.
The Quakers' influence impeded, yet in another sense contributed, to this decline. By establishing schools
for the Iroquois and by introducing them to modern technology for agriculture and husbandry, the Quakers
instilled some hope for the future yet undermined their sense of national identity. Ironically, it was the
alcoholic halfbrother of Seneca, Cornplanter, the most outspoken proponent among the Iroquois for
assimilation of white customs and institutions, who revived the Iroquois culture. Around 1800, Handsome
Lake, a former member of the Great Council, established a new religion among the Iroquois that tied the
more useful aspects of Christianity to traditional Indian beliefs and customs. Lake's teachings quickly
became firmly entrenched among the Iroquois, sparking reunification and renewed confidence while also
curbing rampant alcoholism. Lake's influence is still evident today: many modern- day Iroquois belong
both to his religion and to one or another Christian sect
Which of the following best characterizes the structure of the passage as a whole?
- A. A theory is presented and then applied to two related historical phenomena.
- B. Competing views respecting an historical phenomenon are presented and then valuated based upon
empirical evidence. - C. The inception of an historical phenomenon is examined; then the subsequent life of the phenomenon is
traced. - D. An historical event is recounted; then possible explanations for the event are presented
- E. Two historical figures are introduced; then the nature and extent of their influence are compared.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The first and second paragraphs are concerned with the inception of the Iroquois League, while the third
and fourth paragraphs outline the subsequent history of the League from its decline through its
subsequent resurgence under Handsome Lake. ChoiceC.recapitulates this overall structure.
NEW QUESTION 84
Victorian poetess Christina Rossetti's potent sensual imagery compelled Edmond Gosse, perhaps the
most influential literary critic in late Victorian England, to observe that she "does not shrink from strong
delineation of the pleasures of life even when denouncing them." In the face of Rossetti's virtual
canonization by critics at the end of the nineteenth century, however, Virginia Woolf ignores her apparent
conservatism, instead seeing in her curiosity value and a model of artistic purity and integrity for women
writers. In 1930, the centenary of Rossetti's birth,Woolf identified her as "one of Shakespeare's more
recent sisters" whose life had been reclusively Victorian but whose achievement as an artist was enduring.
Woolf remembers Rossetti for her four volumes of explosively original poems loaded with vivid images
and dense emotional energy. "A Birthday," for instance, is no typical Victorian poem and is certainly unlike
predictable works of the era's best known women poets. Rossetti's most famous poem, "Goblin Market,"
bridges the space between simplistic fairy tale and complex adult allegory-at once Christian,
psychological, and profeminist. Like many of Rossetti's works, it is extraordinarily original and unorthodox
in form. Its subject matter is radical and therefore risky for a Victorian poetess because it implies
castigation of an economic (and even marital) marketplace dominated by men, whose motives are, at best,
suspect. Its Christian allusions are obvious but grounded in opulent images whose lushness borders on
the erotic. From Rossetti's work emerge not only emotional force, artistic polish, frequently ironic
playfulness, and intellectual vigor but also an intriguing, enigmatic quality. "Winter: My Secret," for
example, combines these traits along with a very high (and un-Victorian) level of poetic selfconsciousness.
"How does one reconcile the aesthetic sensuality of Rossetti's poetry with her repressed, ascetic
lifestyle?" Woolf wondered. That Rossetti did indeed withhold a "secret" both from those intimate with her
and from posterity is Lona Packer's thesis in her 1963 biography of Rossetti. Packer's claim that
Rossetti's was a secret of the heart has since been disproved through the discovery of hundreds of letters
by Rossetti, which reinforce the conventional image of her as pious, scrupulously abstinent, and
semi-reclusive. Yet the passions expressed in her love poems do expose the "secret" at the heart of both
Rossetti's life and art: a willingness to forego worldly pleasures in favor of an aestheticized Christian
version of transcendent fulfillment in heaven. Her sonnet "The World," therefore, becomes pivotal in
understanding Rossetti's literary project as a whole-her rhymes for children, fairy tale narratives, love
poems, and devotional commentaries. The world, for Rossetti, is a fallen place. Her work is pervasively
designed to force upon readers this inescapable Christian truth. The beauty of her poetry must be seen
therefore as an artistic strategy, a means toward a moral end.
It can be inferred from the passage that Rossetti's "The World"
- A. was Rossetti's longest work
- B. combines several genres of poetry in a single work
- C. was Rossetti's last major work
- D. reflects Rossetti's shift away from her earlier feminist viewpoint
- E. is the most helpful expression of Rossetti's motives
Answer: E
Explanation:
In the final paragraph, the author states that "The World" is "pivotal in understanding Rossetti's literary
project as a whole." Based upon the remainder of the final paragraph, the author seems to understand
Rossetti's "literary project as a whole" as an attempt to convey an inescapable Christian truth to her
readers (see lines 68-83). It is reasonably inferable, then, that "The World" provides significant insight into
Rossetti's motives.
NEW QUESTION 85
INFLATE : BIGGER
- A. diminish : smaller
- B. revere: lower
- C. elongate: shorter
- D. meditate: higher
- E. fluctuate: longer
Answer: A
Explanation:
Topic 2, Antonyms
NEW QUESTION 86
DUPLICITY:
- A. decency
- B. openness
- C. simplicity
- D. innocence
- E. honesty
Answer: E
Explanation:
DUPLICITY means "deception by pretending" and is therefore a form of dishonesty-the opposite of
honesty.
NEW QUESTION 87
FEEL : HANDLE ::
- A. laugh: giggle
- B. caress : abrade
- C. read : peruse
- D. stimulate : grow
- E. lift : heave
Answer: C
Explanation:
This is a "form of" analogy. To HANDLE is to examine by FEEL; similarly, to peruse is to examine or
scrutinize- usually by reading. The word giggle describes a peculiar form of laughing but not a studied
form, and so choiceC.is not as strong an analogy as choice (A).
NEW QUESTION 88
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