[UPDATED 2024] Getting L4M2 Certification Made Easy!
L4M2 Exam Crack Test Engine Dumps Training With 147 Questions
NEW QUESTION # 70
Which of the following is a risk to buying organization when using conformance specification?
- A. Buyer is responsible for product failure
- B. Time to produce specification is shortened
- C. Buyer cannot control the inputs
- D. Buyer may face liquidity risks
Answer: A
Explanation:
When using conformance specification, the buying organisation is responsible for the performance of the purchase. If the product fails due to poorly designed specification, the buyer is wholly responsible for it. It cannot blame the supplier for the failure because they still provided 'fit for purpose' product.
'Time to produce specification is shortened': Conformance specification requires details on dimen-sion, materials, design, etc. With such requirements, time to produce a complete conformance specification is often longer than producing performance specification.
'Buyer cannot control the inputs': Conformance specification is a list of inputs from buyer, so buyer has control over the inputs that will make the product. It also means that buyer is responsible for any product failure.
'Buyer may face liquidity risks': Liquidity means that how quick a business turns its assets into cash. This is a financial term, it does not link directly with specification failure.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 71
XYZ Ltd is producing an engine which consists of many components. The procurement manager wants to find cost reduction opportunities and minimise part varieties. Which of the following may help her to achieve these objectives?
1. Value analysis
2. Segment analysis
3. Variety reduction
4. Standardisation
- A. 1 and 3 only
- B. 3 and 4 only
- C. 1 and 4 only
- D. 2 and 3 only
Answer: C
Explanation:
Value analysis is often defined as a systematic process for improving the value of a product, service or project. It is typically used in the following ways:
- To determine the value of each component used
- To find cost reduction opportunities by optimising the components used Segment analysis helps procurement and supply to shape and manage the supply markets.
There is no concept known as Variety reduction.
Standardisation is the process which is used to reduce varieties of products or parts.
In this scenario, the company's objective is cost reduction, then value analysis or value engineering is more likely to be applied. Also the company aims at reducing variety, standardisation can be combined with value analysis to produce the best results.
LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 72
Apple's CPO is planning a budget for purchasing carbon-free aluminium next year. There are 27.4 tonnes of aluminum in stock, while Apple will need 200 tonnes for production next year and double inventory for production in the following year. How much aluminum will Apple need to purchase in next year?
- A. 172.6 tonnes
- B. 227.4 tonnes
- C. 117.8 tonnes
- D. 282.2 tonnes
Answer: B
Explanation:
The quantity of aluminium Apple needs to buy is calculated as follows:
Quantity needed for production + the inventory needed at the end of the year - inventory at start of the year That formula is quantified as: 200 + 54.8 - 27.4 = 227.4 Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 73
A charity is reviewing their spend and budget after an operation in flooded areas. They realise that the operators save money against the budgeting plan. This saving is known as...?
- A. Positive variance
- B. Negative budget
- C. Negative variance
- D. Positive budget
Answer: C
Explanation:
The difference between the actual spend and budgeted spend is known as variance. The formula for variance is:
Variance = Actual spend - Budgeted spend
Variances can be adverse/unfavourable or favourable ie they can be positive or negative.
Be very careful with these terms. A positive or a negative variance may be favourable or it may be adverse/ unfavourable.
Adverse variances
Adverse variances are those variances that are unfavourable to the firm. Examples would be sales below plan; costs above budget, cash receipts lower than expected, and overtime payment more than forecast.
Favourable variances
Favourable variances are those variances that are beneficial to the business. Examples would be sales ahead of plan, costs below budget, and wages below forecast.
Positive variance
A positive variance occurs where 'actual' exceeds 'planned' or 'budgeted' value. Examples might be actual sales are ahead of the budget.
Negative variance
A negative variance occurs where 'actual' is less than 'planned' or 'budgeted' value. Examples would be when the raw materials cost less than expected, sales were less than predicted, and labour costs were below the budgeted figure.
When the operators create saving, it means that the Actual spend is less than Budgeted spend. Therefore the variance is negative.
Reference:
- Variance analysis
- CIPS study guide page 57-59
LO 1, AC 1.4
NEW QUESTION # 74
Dana is an automobile manufacturer. It has a new electrification strategy that aims at making eco-friendly electric pick-up trucks. To implement this strategy, the procurement department must source new categories of parts that make motors, sensors, solenoids and stators. He starts to analyse the market by identifying specific supply market segments for those parts and finding suppliers who have the best capabilities in those segment. He intends to segment the market based on specific features of the products. Which variable is used by Dana procurement manager to shape and manage supply market?
- A. Channel segments
- B. Buyer segments
- C. Geographical segments
- D. Product segments
Answer: D
Explanation:
In sales and marketing, market segmentation is the process of trying to understand clusters of cus-tomers in terms of their buying behavior and their buying characteristics. There are some traditional segmentation approaches: geography, demography, types of industry and the benefits. Then there are newer segmentation approaches: behavioral, situational, and psychographic.
Procurement professionals can learn market segmentation from sales and marketing. Segmenting the market can help them to shape and manage the supply market effectively. According to Michael Porter, a market can be segment with array of products and buyers.
Source: Porter, Michael E.. Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (p. 234). Free Press. Kindle Edition.
In the scenario, the products that Dana needs to source is distinct in their features. The best way is to segment the market by product varieties.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 75
An automotive manufacturer is sourcing rubber components from Company A.
The specification given to the supplier state that the component should be 1 meter long, without mentioning the tolerance. Enthusiast with the opportunity, engineers at Company A work hard to cut the components with tolerance at only +/- 1mm. The head and tail of the component is then joined together to form a circular band. After that it is stretched over another component. To fit this purpose, the rubber component can be at any length from 80cm to 110cm. This is an example of...?
- A. Defects
- B. Waiting
- C. Unnecessary motion
- D. Over processing
Answer: D
Explanation:
This questions is intended to ask students about types of waste in Lean principles.
Lean was born out of manufacturing practices but in recent time has transformed the world of knowledge work and management. It encourages the practice of continuous improvement and is based on the fundamental idea of respect for people. Womack and Jones defined the five principles of Lean manufacturing in their book "The Machine That Changed the World". The five principles are considered a recipe for improving workplace efficiency and include: 1) defining value, 2) mapping the value stream, 3) creating flow, 4) using a pull system, and 5) pursuing perfection.
Lean principles aim to eliminate waste in processes. The eight wastes of Lean principles are:
- Defects
- Over-production
- Waiting
- Not using talent
- Transport and handling
- Inventory
- Motion waste
- Excess processing
In the scenario, the component is processed more than necessary. The engineers try to make them as accurate as possible with very little tolerance. In fact, the component does not need to be that precise. This excesses buyer's requirements and incurs costs for both buyer and supplier. The scenario is an example of over processing (or excess processing).
Overprocessing is one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing (or 7 mudas); Overprocessing is adding more value to a product than the customer actually requires such as painting areas that will never be seen or be exposed to corrosion.
Overprocessing as one of the seven wastes is caused by having unclear standards and specifications, many operators will try to do the best job possible and will not always be aware of what truly adds value to the product or even the end use. They will therefore often expend time polishing and finishing components that do not require it.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 153-156
- Waste of Overprocessing; causes, costs, examples solutions, symptoms (leanmanufactur-ingtools.org) LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 76
What is the contribution of marketing function to the development of specification?
- A. Marketing provides ideas on customer's taste and market trends
- B. Marketing ensures that procurement function doesn't involve in developing specification
- C. Marketing ensures that conformance specification will never be used
- D. Marketing consults on technical requirements of the product
Answer: A
Explanation:
Marketing plays a critical role in sales. The marketing department introduces products to the con-sumer, and creates strategic messaging that elevates appeal and ultimately drives sales. The feed-back and response from consumers is measured by the marketing team on a variety of levels. Ad-vertising is one means of seeing what performs and what does not perform. Marketers will note trends and demand in their specific markets. This plays into new product development, because the marketing team can work with product developers to create products based on that demand.
In development of specification, the role of marketing is largely the same. They provide the market insight so that right specification is developed and it matches the demands from customers.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 173-175
- Role of Marketing Management in New Product Development (chron.com)
LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 77
Honda of America Manufacturing is a well established automobile manufacturer. It purchases tens of thousands of materials and parts from suppliers, however, only few of them are strategic. To these suppliers, Honda's procurement manager requires them to send details of labour, materials, overhead cost and profit. However, the suppliers are reluctant to submit such confidential infor-mation. Is the procurement manager's action appropriate?
- A. No, because no suppliers are willing to show sensitive information on their costs and profit.
- B. Yes, because the procurement manager can get a good insight from the market
- C. Yes, because strategies can be introduced for reducing cost and improving the supplier relationships.
- D. No, because procurement manager should conduct life-cycle analysis
Answer: C
Explanation:
With strategic suppliers, the aim should be to work co-operatively with them to find ways of reducing costs to achieve a target cost. It is necessary to work with the suppliers in carrying out open book costing by having first persuaded them of the need to do it. Open book can be used to establish a Target Cost, a Compensation Event value and can eventually be used to ensure the payment of actual costs to an organization. A number of forms of contract cater for this functionality of which only the NEC goes to into any great depth of methodology.
If the suppliers worry about leak of confidential information, procurement team can suggest them to sign a non-disclosure agreement. The buying organisation should also comply with data protection regulations. The Employer / individual responsible for a project's costs should ultimately take a pragmatic and sensible approach with regard to commercially or personally sensitive data provided by the contractor. The primary goal of all open book cost management is to provide Employer comfort and security in the accuracy of commercial data; this effectively means striking a balance between undertaking full audits and blind faith.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 78
A CPO is analyzing whole life cycle costing of a machinery. He realises that cost elements are not specific but come from a range of values. Which whole-life costing model should the CPO use to get the most accurate total cost of ownership?
- A. Optimisation models
- B. Simulation models
- C. Decision support models
- D. Kraljic's preferencing model
Answer: B
Explanation:
There are three basic groups of WLC (whole life-cycle costing) models:
- Decision support models
- Simulation models: Life cycle cost is an essential approach to decide on alternative rehabilitation strategies for infrastructure systems. Monte Carlo simulation approach is used to develop a stochastic life cycle cost (SLCC) model and methodology in order to compare different rehabilitation scenarios/alternatives for infrastructures, such as water mains. This method assumes that some inputs are randomly variable in a range of values.
- Optimisation models
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 79
Which of the following statements is the best definition of 'value engineering?
- A. Value achieved by an engineering department
- B. Building value into a new product from design stage onwards
- C. Producing good value products right first time.
- D. Analysing perceived value after the product is available for sale
Answer: B
Explanation:
Value Engineering (VE) is concerned with new products. It is applied during product development. The focus is on reducing costs, improving function or both, by way of teamwork-based product evaluation and analysis. This takes place before any capital is invested in tooling, plant or equipment.
This is very significant, because according to many reports, up to 80% of a product's costs (throughout the rest of its life-cycle), are locked in at the design development stage. This is under-standable when you consider the design of any product determines many factors, such as tooling, plant and equipment, labour and skills, training costs, materials, shipping, installation, maintenance, as well as decommissioning and recycle costs.
LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 80
A procurement manager includes provision on recovery from natural disaster into a through-life specification. Some suppliers suppose that provision is unnecessary. Is procurement manager's action justified?
- A. Yes, because natural disaster may cause risks in organisation's supply chain
- B. No, because with current technology, natural disaster can't disrupt supply chain.
- C. No, because this provision will incur unnecessary cost to supplier
- D. Yes, because the regulations require contract to have recovery provision
Answer: A
Explanation:
Risks like natural disasters - fire, flood, or weather-related event, and cyber-attacks can disrupt the supply chain seriously. Threats and disruptions mean a loss of revenue and higher costs, which leads to a drop in profitability. And businesses can't rely on insurance alone because it doesn't cover all the costs and the customers who move to the competition. Risks must be identified early and supplier should have a plan that ensures continuous operations during disasters.
There are several steps many companies must follow to develop a solid business continuity plan. They include:
- Business Impact Analysis: Here, the business will identify functions and related resources that are time-sensitive. (More on this below.)
- Recovery: In this portion, the business must identify and implement steps to recover critical business functions.
- Organization: A continuity team must be created. This team will devise a plan to manage the disruption.
- Training: The continuity team must be trained and tested. Members of the team should also complete exercises that go over the plan and strategies.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 81
Which of the following might be the consequences of under-specification? Select TWO that apply:
- A. Higher cost due to inessential features
- B. Few suppliers can supply the full range of features
- C. Additional cost to rework
- D. Poor competition between suppliers
- E. Unfit products or services
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Main risks involved in an under-specified requirement
* The product or service is not fit for use since it does not match the actual needs
* Higher cost due to corrections or reworks (proposal evaluations, scope or work monitoring, change in insulation materials or systems, reduced productivity, etc.).
* Higher operating cost on many fronts: process control, energy consumption, maintenance, etc.
* Other problems like corrosion under insulation, mold development, safety-related concerns, etc.
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following agencies can produce a technical standard?
- A. Department of State
- B. BSI
- C. House of Lords
- D. Marketing department
Answer: B
Explanation:
Technical standards are often produced by a national or international body such as British Standard Institute (BSI) LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 83
A company buys components from its supplier. However, the supplier has not sent the invoice to the buyer and the buyer will not pay until next month. How will that amount of money be shown in the financial statements of the buying organization?
- A. Tax liabilities
- B. Accrued expense
- C. Accounts payable
- D. Accrued interest
Answer: B
Explanation:
The buyer won't pay the supplier until next month. This is a liability to the buyer. This amount can be recorded as accrued expense or accounts payable. On the other hand, the supplier has not sent the invoice, so it should be accrued expense.
Both accounts payables and accrued expenses are liabilities. Accounts payable is the total amount of short-term obligations or debt a company has to pay to its creditors for goods or services bought on credit. With accounts payables, the vendor's or supplier's invoices have been received and recorded.
On the other hand, accrued expenses are the total liability that is payable for goods and services that have been consumed by the company or received. However, accrued expenses are those bills in which an invoice or bill has not yet been received. As a result, accrued expenses can sometimes be an estimated amount of what's owed, which is adjusted later to the exact amount, once the invoice has been received.
Conversely, accounts payable should represent the exact amount of the total owed from all of the invoices received.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 55-56
- Understanding Accrued Expenses vs. Accounts Payable (investopedia.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
NEW QUESTION # 84
Which of the following technology is likely to be an innovation in financial sector?
- A. E-auction
- B. Robotics
- C. Blockchain
- D. E-commerce
Answer: C
Explanation:
Traditional financial systems operate with a centralised database, usually with a single point of authority. Blockchain technology, on the other hand, allows for a distributed database that holds a growing number of records. Instead of existing in one place, the ledger is continually updated and synchronised across multiple computers in a network. Therefore, any participant in the network with the proper authorisation can view the entire ledger - without relying on an intermediary or any one authority.
Another key feature of blockchain technology is a "smart contract," which is a self-executing protocol that enforces a previously agreed arrangement. For example, a smart contract could trigger an automatic refund under certain conditions or the automatic payment of an agreed commission after a sale. These smart contracts can eliminate delays in traditional Finance processes, while increasing transparency and reducing reliance on middlemen to follow through on their commitments. Moreover, like other parts of a blockchain, smart contracts are immutable, so they can enhance accuracy in the financial statements.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 85
Which of the following problems may be identified as closed problems? Select TWO that apply:
- A. The suppliers don't comply with the company's policy on underage labour.
- B. Logistics costs incur a large portion in wholesale prices
- C. Shortage of key medicines in healthcare industry
- D. There are not enough data for procurement analytics
- E. A cyber attack takes down whole company's IT system
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Closed problem is something happens that should not have happened. To solve this type of prob-lem, procurement professional should find a way to correct the situation or try to adapt to it. On the other hand, open ended problem is a obstacle to your short-term objective. You will need to overcome this obstacle.
Shortage of key medicines is a situation in which procurement must find a substitution or try to save the current stock.
In case of cyber attack, procurement should find a way to recover the IT system as soon as possible.
Otherwise, 'There are not enough data for procurement analytics' is an open-ended problem be-cause it prevents company to conduct procurement analytics (an objective).
'Logistics costs incur a large portion in wholesale prices': In this situation, logistics costs are hur-dles that prevent companies to reach lower wholesale.
'The suppliers don't comply with the company's policy on underage labour': In this situation, pro-curement should seek ways to help supplier comply with the company's labour policy.
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 86
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