2024 Valid AIP-210 FREE EXAM DUMPS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
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NEW QUESTION # 10
R-squared is a statistical measure that:
- A. Expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related.
- B. Represents the extent to which two random variables vary together.
- C. Combines precision and recall of a classifier into a single metric by taking their harmonic mean.
- D. Is the proportion of the variance for a dependent variable thaf' s explained by independent variables.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
R-squared is a statistical measure that indicates how well a regression model fits the data. R-squared is calculated by dividing the explained variance by the total variance. The explained variance is the amount of variation in the dependent variable that can be attributed to the independent variables. The total variance is the amount of variation in the dependent variable that can be observed in the data. R-squared ranges from 0 to 1, where 0 means no fit and 1 means perfect fit.
NEW QUESTION # 11
Word Embedding describes a task in natural language processing (NLP) where:
- A. Words are grouped together into clusters and then represented by word cluster membership.
- B. Words are converted into numerical vectors.
- C. Words are featurized by taking a histogram of letter counts.
- D. Words are featurized by taking a matrix of bigram counts.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Word embedding is a task in natural language processing (NLP) where words are converted into numerical vectors that represent their meaning, usage, or context. Word embedding can help reduce the dimensionality and sparsity of text data, as well as enable various operations and comparisons among words based on their vector representations. Some of the common methods for word embedding are:
One-hot encoding: One-hot encoding is a method that assigns a unique binary vector to each word in a vocabulary. The vector has only one element with a value of 1 (the hot bit) and the rest with a value of
0. One-hot encoding can create distinct and orthogonal vectors for each word, but it does not capture any semantic or syntactic information about words.
Word2vec: Word2vec is a method that learns a dense and continuous vector representation for each word based on its context in a large corpus of text. Word2vec can capture the semantic and syntactic similarity and relationships among words, such as synonyms, antonyms, analogies, or associations.
GloVe: GloVe (Global Vectors for Word Representation) is a method that combines the advantages of count-based methods (such as TF-IDF) and predictive methods (such as Word2vec) to create word vectors. GloVe can leverage both global and local information from a large corpus of text to capture the co-occurrence patterns and probabilities of words.
NEW QUESTION # 12
You are building a prediction model to develop a tool that can diagnose a particular disease so that individuals with the disease can receive treatment. The treatment is cheap and has no side effects. Patients with the disease who don't receive treatment have a high risk of mortality.
It is of primary importance that your diagnostic tool has which of the following?
- A. Low false negative rate
- B. Low false positive rate
- C. High negative predictive value
- D. High positive predictive value
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A false negative is an error where a positive case (belonging to the target class) is incorrectly predicted as negative (not belonging to the target class). A false negative rate is the ratio of false negatives to all actual positive cases. A low false negative rate means that most of the positive cases are correctly identified by the classifier.
For a diagnostic tool that can diagnose a particular disease so that individuals with the disease can receive treatment, it is of primary importance that it has a low false negative rate. This is because false negatives can have serious consequences for patients who have the disease but do not receive treatment, such as increased risk of mortality or complications. A low false negative rate can ensure that most patients who have the disease are diagnosed correctly and receive timely treatment.
NEW QUESTION # 13
Which of the following tools would you use to create a natural language processing application?
- A. Azure Search
- B. NLTK
- C. AWS DeepRacer
- D. DeepDream
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) is a Python library that provides a set of tools and resources for natural language processing (NLP). NLP is a branch of AI that deals with analyzing, understanding, and generating natural language texts or speech. NLTK offers modules for various NLP tasks, such as tokenization, stemming, lemmatization, parsing, tagging, chunking, sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, machine translation, text summarization, and more .
NEW QUESTION # 14
Which two of the following decrease technical debt in ML systems? (Select two.)
- A. Refactoring
- B. Boundary erosion
- C. Model complexity
- D. Documentation readability
- E. Design anti-patterns
Answer: A,D
Explanation:
Explanation
Technical debt is a metaphor that describes the implied cost of additional work or rework caused by choosing an easy or quick solution over a better but more complex solution. Technical debt can accumulate in ML systems due to various factors, such as changing requirements, outdated code, poor documentation, or lack of testing. Some of the ways to decrease technical debt in ML systems are:
Documentation readability: Documentation readability refers to how easy it is to understand and use the documentation of an ML system. Documentation readability can help reduce technical debt by providing clear and consistent information about the system's design, functionality, performance, and maintenance. Documentation readability can also facilitate communication and collaboration among different stakeholders, such as developers, testers, users, and managers.
Refactoring: Refactoring is the process of improving the structure and quality of code without changing its functionality. Refactoring can help reduce technical debt by eliminating code smells, such as duplication, complexity, or inconsistency. Refactoring can also enhance the readability, maintainability, and extensibility of code.
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which of the following items should be included in a handover to the end user to enable them to use and run a trained model on their own system? (Select three.)
- A. Link to a GitHub repository of the codebase
- B. Sample input and output data files
- C. Intermediate data files
- D. README document
- E. Information on the folder structure in your local machine
Answer: A,B,D
Explanation:
Explanation
A handover is the process of transferring the ownership and responsibility of an ML system from one party to another, such as from the developers to the end users. A handover should include all the necessary information and resources that enable the end users to use and run a trained model on their own system. Some of the items that should be included in a handover are:
Link to a GitHub repository of the codebase: A GitHub repository is an online platform that hosts the source code and version control of an ML system. A link to a GitHub repository can provide the end users with access to the latest and most updated version of the codebase, as well as the history and documentation of the changes made to the code.
README document: A README document is a text file that provides an overview and instructions for an ML system. A README document can include information such as the purpose, features, requirements, installation, usage, testing, troubleshooting, and license of the system.
Sample input and output data files: Sample input and output data files are data files that contain examples of valid inputs and expected outputs for an ML system. Sample input and output data files can help the end users understand how to use and run the system, as well as verify its functionality and performance.
NEW QUESTION # 16
Which of the following is the primary purpose of hyperparameter optimization?
- A. Increases recall over precision
- B. Makes models easier to explain to business stakeholders
- C. Controls the learning process of a given algorithm
- D. Improves model interpretability
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Hyperparameter optimization is the process of finding the optimal values for hyperparameters that control the learning process of a given algorithm. Hyperparameters are parameters that are not learned by the algorithm but are set by the user before training. Hyperparameters can affect the performance and behavior of the algorithm, such as its speed, accuracy, complexity, or generalization. Hyperparameter optimization can help improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm by tuning its hyperparameters to achieve the best results.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Workflow design patterns for the machine learning pipelines:
- A. Represent a pipeline with directed acyclic graph (DAG).
- B. Aim to explain how the machine learning model works.
- C. Seek to simplify the management of machine learning features.
- D. Separate inputs from features.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Workflow design patterns for machine learning pipelines are common solutions to recurring problems in building and managing machine learning workflows. One of these patterns is to represent a pipeline with a directed acyclic graph (DAG), which is a graph that consists of nodes and edges, where each node represents a step or task in the pipeline, and each edge represents a dependency or order between the tasks. A DAG has no cycles, meaning there is no way to start at one node and return to it by following the edges. A DAG can help visualize and organize the pipeline, as well as facilitate parallel execution, fault tolerance, and reproducibility.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following is NOT a valid cross-validation method?
- A. Stratification
- B. Bootstrapping
- C. K-fold
- D. Leave-one-out
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Stratification is not a valid cross-validation method, but a technique to ensure that each subset of data has the same proportion of classes or labels as the original data. Stratification can be used in conjunction with cross-validation methods such as k-fold or leave-one-out to preserve the class distribution and reduce bias or variance in the validation results. Bootstrapping, k-fold, and leave-one-out are all valid cross-validation methods that use different ways of splitting and resampling the data to estimate the performance of a machine learning model.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following describes a benefit of machine learning for solving business problems?
- A. Improving the quality of original data
- B. Improving the constraint of the problem
- C. Increasing the speed of analysis
- D. Increasing the quantity of original data
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Increasing the speed of analysis is a benefit of machine learning for solving business problems. Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that involves creating systems that can learn from data and make predictions or decisions. Machine learning can help increase the speed of analysis by automating and optimizing various tasks, such as data processing, feature extraction, model training, model evaluation, or model deployment. Machine learning can also help handle large and complex data sets that may be difficult or impractical to analyze manually or with traditional methods.
NEW QUESTION # 20
A healthcare company experiences a cyberattack, where the hackers were able to reverse-engineer a dataset to break confidentiality.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the dataset parameters?
- A. The model is underfitted and trained on a low quantity of patient records.
- B. The model is overfitted and trained on a low quantity of patient records.
- C. The model is underfitted and trained on a high quantity of patient records.
- D. The model is overfitted and trained on a high quantity of patient records.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Overfitting is a problem that occurs when a model learns too much from the training data and fails to generalize well to new or unseen data. Overfitting can result from using a low quantity of training data, a high complexity of the model, or a lack of regularization. Overfitting can also increase the risk of reverse-engineering a dataset from a model's outputs, as the model may reveal too much information about the specific features or patterns of the training data. This can break the confidentiality of the data and expose sensitive information about the individuals in the dataset .
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following scenarios is an example of entanglement in ML pipelines?
- A. Change the way output is visualized in the monitoring step.
- B. Change in normalization function in the feature engineering step.
- C. Add a new method for drift detection in the model evaluation step.
- D. Add a new pipeline for retraining the model in the model training step.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Entanglement in ML pipelines occurs when a change in one step affects other steps that depend on it.
Changing the normalization function in the feature engineering step would affect the model training and evaluation steps, as they rely on the features generated by the feature engineering step. Therefore, this scenario is an example of entanglement in ML pipelines. The other scenarios are not examples of entanglement, as they do not affect other steps in the pipeline.
NEW QUESTION # 22
A big data architect needs to be cautious about personally identifiable information (PII) that may be captured with their new IoT system. What is the final stage of the Data Management Life Cycle, which the architect must complete in order to implement data privacy and security appropriately?
- A. Duplicate
- B. Detain
- C. Destroy
- D. De-Duplicate
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The final stage of the data management life cycle is data destruction, which is the process of securely deleting or erasing data that is no longer needed or relevant for the organization. Data destruction ensures that data is disposed of in compliance with any legal or regulatory requirements, as well as any internal policies or standards. Data destruction also protects the organization from potential data breaches, leaks, or thefts that could compromise its privacy and security. Data destruction can be performed using various methods, such as overwriting, degaussing, shredding, or incinerating
NEW QUESTION # 23
Which of the following describes a neural network without an activation function?
- A. An unsupervised learning technique
- B. A form of a linear regression
- C. A radial basis function kernel
- D. A form of a quantile regression
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A neural network without an activation function is equivalent to a form of a linear regression. A neural network is a computational model that consists of layers of interconnected nodes (neurons) that process inputs and produce outputs. An activation function is a function that determines the output of a neuron based on its input. An activation function can introduce non-linearity into a neural network, which allows it to model complex and non-linear relationships between inputs and outputs. Without an activation function, a neural network becomes a linear combination of inputs and weights, which is essentially a linear regression model.
NEW QUESTION # 24
Which of the following models are text vectorization methods? (Select two.)
- A. PCA
- B. Tokenization
- C. TF-IDF
- D. t-SNE
- E. Lemmatization
- F. Skip-gram
Answer: C,F
Explanation:
Explanation
Skip-gram and TF-IDF are both text vectorization methods that convert text into numerical feature vectors.
Skip-gram is a prediction-based word embedding method that learns vector representations of words from their contexts in a large corpus of text. TF-IDF is a frequency-based word weighting method that assigns scores to words based on their importance in a document and in a corpus of documents. References: Text Vectorization and Word Embedding | Guide to Master NLP (Part 5), What Is Text Vectorization? Everything You Need to Know - deepset
NEW QUESTION # 25
For a particular classification problem, you are tasked with determining the best algorithm among SVM, random forest, K-nearest neighbors, and a deep neural network. Each of the algorithms has similar accuracy on your data. The stakeholders indicate that they need a model that can convey each feature's relative contribution to the model's accuracy. Which is the best algorithm for this use case?
- A. K-nearest neighbors
- B. Random forest
- C. Deep neural network
- D. SVM
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Random forest is an ensemble learning method that combines multiple decision trees to create a more accurate and robust classifier or regressor. Random forest can convey each feature's relative contribution to the model's accuracy by measuring how much the prediction error increases when a feature is randomly permuted. This metric is called feature importance or Gini importance. Random forest can also provide insights into the interactions and dependencies among features by visualizing the decision trees .
NEW QUESTION # 26
Which of the following can benefit from deploying a deep learning model as an embedded model on edge devices?
- A. Increase in data bandwidth consumption
- B. Guaranteed availability of enough space
- C. Reduction in latency
- D. A more complex model
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Latency is the time delay between a request and a response. Latency can affect the performance and user experience of an application, especially when real-time or near-real-time responses are required. Deploying a deep learning model as an embedded model on edge devices can reduce latency, as the model can run locally on the device without relying on network connectivity or cloud servers. Edge devices are devices that are located at the edge of a network, such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, sensors, cameras, or drones.
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which of the following is a common negative side effect of not using regularization?
- A. Low test accuracy
- B. Slow convergence time
- C. Overfitting
- D. Higher compute resources
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Overfitting is a common negative side effect of not using regularization. Regularization is a technique that reduces the complexity of a model by adding a penalty term to the loss function, which prevents the model from learning too many parameters that may fit the noise in the training data. Overfitting occurs when the model performs well on the training data but poorly on the test data or new data, because it has memorized the training data and cannot generalize well. References: Regularization (mathematics) - Wikipedia, Overfitting in Machine Learning: What It Is and How to Prevent It
NEW QUESTION # 28
A change in the relationship between the target variable and input features is
- A. covariate shift.
- B. model decay.
- C. concept drift.
- D. data drift.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Concept drift, also known as model drift, occurs when the task that the model was designed to perform changes over time. For example, imagine that a machine learning model was trained to detect spam emails based on the content of the email. If the types of spam emails that people receive change significantly, the model may no longer be able to accurately detect spam. References: Understanding Data Drift and Model Drift: Drift Detection in Python | DataCamp, Machine Learning Monitoring, Part 5: Why You Should Care About Data and Concept Drift
NEW QUESTION # 29
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