DRUGGIST : PHARMACY

• A. waiter: restaurant
• B. hand: glove
• C. child: father
• D. coach: team
• E. ballerina: tutu

LATITUDE:

• A. restraint
• B. strictness
• C. conformity
• D. inflection
• E. point of focus

The striking consistencies among the folk tales of any region, especially the tale plots of independent
origins, like those among a region's languages, are owing to the fact that folklore, like language, is a
collective property-a socialized aspect of the culture subject to stricter and more uniform laws than fields
in which individual creation prevails. Folk tales do contain certain variable elements-for example, the
distribution of points of emphasis and the nomenclature (vocation) and attributes of the dramatic
personae-through which the teller's own personality and inclinations may find expression. Also, the
teller's choice among the repertory of the available genres (for example, fairy tales and anecdotes) and
among the known tales within each genre often reflect the teller's preferred manner of execution, while
the teller narrator typically assumes whichever character most closely resembles the teller. Nevertheless,
whereas in written literature a creative personality is free to shape entirely new roles, including that of
narrator, in storytelling all characters are predetermined by the tale. Attempts at biographical
interpretation almost invariably fail to convince; the tale must come before the teller
The passage as a whole can appropriately be viewed as

• A. an argument that folk tales evolve over time as a result of both cultural shifts and individual creativity
• B. an explanation as to why tellers of folk tales generally choose to conform to cultural expectations in
  how they tell their tales
• C. an investigation into certain parallels between language in general and folk tales in particular
• D. an examination of the ways in which story tellers imbue well-known folk tales with their own
  personalities
• E. a description of the extent of the consistencies generally observed among a region's folk tales

The Galapagos Islands are in the Pacific Ocean, off the western coast of South America.
They are a rocky, lonely spot, but they are also one of the most unusual places in the world. One reason is
that they are the home of some of the last giant tortoises left on earth. Weighing hundreds of pounds,
these tortoises, or land turtles, wander slowly around the rocks and sand of the islands. Strangely, each of
these islands has its own particular kinds of tortoises. There are seven different kinds of tortoises on the
eight islands, each kind being slightly different from the other. Hundreds of years ago, thousands of
tortoises wandered around these islands. However, all that changed when people started landing there.
When people first arrived in 1535, their ships had no refrigerators. This meant that fresh food was always
a problem for the sailors on board.
The giant tortoises provided a solution to this problem. Ships would anchor off the islands, and crews
would row ashore and seize as many tortoises as they could. Once the animals were aboard the ship, the
sailors would roll the tortoises onto their backs. The tortoises were completely helpless once on their
backs, so they could only lie there until used for soups and stews. Almost 100,000 tortoises were carried
off in this way. The tortoises faced other problems, too. Soon after the first ships, settlers arrived bringing
pigs, goats, donkeys, dogs and cats. All of these animals ruined life for the tortoises.
Donkey and goats ate all the plants that the tortoises usually fed on, while the pigs. Dogs and cats
consumed thousands of baby tortoises each year. Within a few years, it was hard to find any tortoise
eggs-or even any baby tortoises. By the early 1900s, people began to worry that the last of the tortoises
would soon die out. No one, however, seemed to care enough to do anything about the problem. More
and more tortoises disappeared, even though sailors no longer needed them for food. For another fifty
years, this situation continued. Finally, in the 1950s, scientist decided that something must be done. The
first part of their plan was to get rid of as many cats, dogs and other animals as they could.
Next, they tried to make sure that more baby tortoises would be born. To do this, they started looking for
wild tortoise eggs. They gathered the eggs and put them in safe containers. When the eggs hatched, the
scientists raised the tortoises in special pens. Both the eggs and tortoises were numbered so that the
scientists knew exactly which kinds of tortoises they had-and which island they came from. Once the
tortoises were old enough and big enough to take care of themselves, the scientists took them back to
their islands and set them loose. This slow, hard work continues today, and, thanks to it, the number of
tortoises is now increasing every year.
What happens right after the tortoise eggs hatch?

• A. The sailors use the tortoises for food.
• B. The scientists take the tortoises back to their islands.
• C. The scientist encouraged the villagers to help.
• D. The scientist raised the tortoises in special pens.
• E. The scientists get rid of cats, dogs, and other animals.