• Rules of Evidence
• Best Evidence Rule
• Federal Rules of Evidence
• Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE)
• ACPO Principles of Digital Evidence
• Seeking Consent
• Obtaining Witness Signatures
• Obtaining Warrant for Search and Seizure
• Searches Without a Warrant
• Initial Search of the Scene
• Preserving Evidence
• Chain of Custody
• Sanitize the Target Media
• Records of Regularly Conducted Activity as Evidence
• Division of Responsibilities

- Understand different laws and legal issues that impact forensic investigations

• Computer Forensics: Legal Issues
• Computer Forensics: Privacy Issues
• Computer Forensics and Legal Compliance
• Other Laws that May Influence Computer Forensics
• U.S. Laws Against Email Crime: CAN-SPAM Act

• Introduction to Digital Evidence
• Types of Digital Evidence
• Characteristics of Digital Evidence
• Role of Digital Evidence
• Sources of Potential Evidence
• Understanding Hard Disk
• Understanding Solid State Drive (SSD)
• RAID Storage System
• NAS/SAN Storage
• Disk Interfaces
• Logical Structure of Disks

- Understand the fundamental concepts and working of desktop and mobile Operating Systems

• What is the Booting Process?
• Essential Windows System Files
• Windows Boot Process: BIOS-MBR Method
• Windows Boot Process: UEFI-GPT
• Macintosh Boot Process
• Linux Boot Process
• Windows File Systems
• Linux File Systems
• Mac OS X File Systems
• MAC Forensics Data
• MAC Log Files
• MAC Directories
• CD-ROM / DVD File System
• Virtual File System (VFS) and Universal Disk Format File System (UDF)
• Architectural Layers of Mobile Device Environment
• Android Architecture Stack
• Android Boot Process
• iOS Architecture
• iOS Boot Process
• Mobile Storage and Evidence Locations
• Mobile Phone Evidence Analysis
• Data Acquisition Methods
• Components of Cellular Network
• Different Cellular Networks
• Cell Site Analysis: Analyzing Service Provider Data
• CDR Contents
• Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
• Different types of network-based evidence

- Understand different types of logs and their importance in forensic investigations

• Understanding Events
• Types of Logon Events
• Event Log File Format
• Organization of Event Records
• ELF_LOGFILE_HEADER structure
• EventLogRecord Structure
• Windows 10 Event Logs
• Other Audit Events
• Evaluating Account Management Events
• Log files as evidence
• Legal criteria for admissibility of logs as evidence
• Guidelines to ensure log file credibility and usability
• Ensure log file authenticity
• Maintain log file integrity
• Implement centralized log management
• IIS Web Server Architecture
• IIS Logs
• Analyzing IIS Logs
• Apache Web Server Architecture
• Apache Web Server Logs
• Apache Access Logs
• Apache Error Logs

- Understand various encoding standards and analyze various file types

• Character Encoding Standard: ASCII
• Character Encoding Standard: UNICODE
• OFFSET
• Understanding Hex Editors
• Understanding Hexadecimal Notation
• Image File Analysis: JPEG
• Image File Analysis: BMP
• Understanding EXIF data
• Hex View of Popular Image File Formats
• PDF File Analysis
• Word File Analysis
• PowerPoint File Analysis
• Excel File Analysis
• Hex View of Other Popular File Formats

- Understand the fundamental working of WAF and MySQL Database

• Web Application Firewall (WAF)
• Benefits of WAF
• Limitations of WAF
• Data Storage in SQL Server
• Database Evidence Repositories
• MySQL Forensics
• Viewing the Information Schema
• MySQL Utility Programs for Forensic Analysis

• Types of Computer Crimes
• Impact of Cybercrimes at Organizational Level
• Cyber Crime Investigation
• Challenges Cyber Crimes Present for Investigators
• Network Attacks
• Indicators of Compromise (IOC)
• Web Application Threats
• Challenges in Web Application Forensics
• Indications of a Web Attack
• What is Anti-Forensics?
• Anti-Forensics Techniques

- Understand the fundamentals of computer forensics and determine the roles and responsibilities of forensic investigators

• Understanding Computer Forensics
• Need for Computer Forensics
• Why and When Do You Use Computer Forensics?
• Forensic Readiness
• Forensic Readiness and Business Continuity
• Forensics Readiness Planning
• Incident Response
• Computer Forensics as part of Incident Response Plan
• Overview of Incident Response Process Flow
• Role of SOC in Computer Forensics
• Need for Forensic Investigator
• Roles and Responsibilities of Forensics Investigator
• What makes a Good Computer Forensics Investigator?
• Code of Ethics
• Accessing Computer Forensics Resources
• Other Factors That Influence Forensic Investigations
• Introduction to Web Application Forensics
• Introduction to Network Forensics
• Postmortem and Real-Time Analys

- Understand data acquisition concepts and rules

• Understanding Data Acquisition
• Live Acquisition
• Order of Volatility
• Dead Acquisition
• Rules of Thumb for Data Acquisition
• Types of Data Acquisition
• Determine the Data Acquisition Format

- Understand the fundamental concepts and working of databases, cloud computing, Emails, IOT, Malware (file and fileless), and dark web

• Understanding Dark Web
• TOR Relays
• How TOR Browser works
• TOR Bridge Node
• Internal architecture of MySQL
• Structure of data directory
• Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Types of Cloud Computing Services
• Cloud Deployment Models
• Cloud Computing Threats
• Cloud Computing Attacks
• Introduction to an email system
• Components involved in email communication
• How email communication works
• Understanding parts of an email message
• Introduction to Malware
• Components of Malware
• Common Techniques Attackers Use to Distribute Malware across Web
• Introduction to Fileless Malware
• Infection Chain of Fileless Malware
• How Fileless Attack Works via Memory Exploits
• How Fileless Attack Happens Via Websites
• How Fileless Attack Happens Via Documents
• What is IoT?
• IoT Architecture
• IoT Security Problems
• OWASP Top 10 Vulnerabilities
• IoT Threats
• IoT Attack Surface Areas

• - Identify various tools to investigate Operating Systems including Windows, Linux, Mac, Android and iOS
• File System Analysis Tools
• File Format Analyzing Tools
• Volatile Data Acquisition Tools
• Non-Volatile Data Acquisition Tools
• Data Acquisition Validation Tools
• Tools for Examining Images on Windows
• Tools for Examining Images on Linux
• Tools for Examining Images on Mac
• Tools for Carving Files on Windows
• Tools for Carving Files on Linux
• Tools for Carving Files on Mac
• Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using R-Studio
• Recovering Deleted Partitions: Using EaseUS Data Recovery Wizard
• Partition Recovery Tools
• Using Rainbow Tables to Crack Hashed Passwords
• Password Cracking Using: L0phtCrack and Ophcrack
• Password Cracking Using Cain & Abel and RainbowCrack
• Password Cracking Using pwdump7
• Password Cracking Tools
• Tool to Reset Admin Password
• Steganography Detection Tools
• Detecting Data Hiding in File System Structures Using OSForensics
• ADS Detection Tools
• Detecting File Extension Mismatch using Autopsy
• Tools to detect Overwritten Data/Metadata
• Program Packers Unpacking Tools
• USB Device Enumeration using Windows PowerShell
• Tools to Collect Volatile Information
• Tools to Non-Collect Volatile Information
• Tools to perform windows memory and registry analysis
• Tools to examine the cache, Cookie and history recorded in web browsers
• Tools to Examine Windows Files and Metadata
• Tools to Examine ShellBags, LNK files and Jump Lists
• Tools to Collect Volatile Information on Linux
• Tools to Collect Non-Volatile Information on Linux
• Linux File system Analysis Tools
• Tools to Perform Linux Memory Forensics
• APFS File System Analysis
• Parsing metadata on Spotlight
• MAC Forensic Tools
• Network Traffic Investigation Tools
• Incident Detection and Examination with SIEM tools
• Detect and Investigate Various Attacks on Web Applications by Examining Various Logs
• Tools to Identify TOR Artifacts
• Tools to Acquire Memory Dumps
• Tools to Examine the Memory Dumps
• Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis
• Tools to Analyze Suspicious Word and PDF documents
• Tools to Perform Static Malware Analysis
• Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a System
• Tools to Analyze Malware Behavior on a Network
• Tools to Perform Logical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices
• Tools to Perform Physical Acquisition on Android and iOS devices

- Determine the various tools to investigate MSSQL, MySQL, Azure, AWS, Emails and IoT devices

• Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MSSQL Server
• Tools to Collect and Examine the Evidence Files on MySQL Server
• Investigating Microsoft Azure
• Investigating AWS
• Tools to Acquire Email Data
• Tools to Acquire Deleted Emails
• Tools to Perform Forensics on IoT devices

• Anti-Forensics Technique: Data/File Deletion
• What Happens When a File is Deleted in Windows?
• Recycle Bin in Windows
• File Carving
• Anti-Forensics Techniques: Password Protection
• Bypassing Passwords on Powered-off Computer
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Steganography
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Alternate Data Streams
• Anti-Forensics Techniques: Trail Obfuscation
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Artifact Wiping
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Overwriting Data/Metadata
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Encryption
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Program Packers
• Anti-Forensics Techniques that Minimize Footprint
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Exploiting Forensics Tools Bugs
• Anti-Forensics Technique: Detecting Forensic Tool Activities
• Anti-Forensics Countermeasures
• Anti-Forensics Tools

- Analyze Various Files Associated with Windows and Linux and Android Devices

• Windows File Analysis
• Metadata Investigation
• Windows ShellBags
• Analyze LNK Files
• Analyze Jump Lists
• Event logs
• File System Analysis using The Sleuth Kit (TSK)
• Linux Memory Forensics
• APFS File System Analysis: Biskus APFS Capture
• Parsing metadata on Spotlight
• Logical Acquisition of Android Devices
• Physical Acquisition of Android Devices
• SQLite Database Extraction
• Challenges in Mobile Forensics

- Analyze various logs and perform network forensics to investigate network attacks

• Analyzing Firewall Logs
• Analyzing IDS Logs
• Analyzing Honeypot Logs
• Analyzing Router Logs
• Analyzing DHCP Logs
• Why investigate Network Traffic?
• Gathering evidence via Sniffers
• Sniffing Tool: Tcpdump
• Sniffing Tool: Wireshark
• Analyze Traffic for TCP SYN flood DOS attack
• Analyze Traffic for SYN-FIN flood DOS attack
• Analyze traffic for FTP password cracking attempts
• Analyze traffic for SMB password cracking attempts
• Analyze traffic for sniffing attempts
• Analyze traffic to detect malware activity
• Centralized Logging Using SIEM Solutions
• SIEM Solutions: Splunk Enterprise Security (ES)
• SIEM Solutions: IBM Security QRadar
• Examine Brute-Force Attacks
• Examine DoS Attack
• Examine Malware Activity
• Examine data exfiltration attempts made through FTP
• Examine network scanning attempts
• Examine ransomware attack
• Detect rogue DNS server (DNS hijacking/DNS spoofing)
• Wireless network security vulnerabilities
• Performing attack and vulnerability monitoring
• Detect a rogue access point
• Detect access point MAC spoofing attempts
• Detect misconfigured access point
• Detect honeypot access points
• Detect signal jamming attack

- Analyze Various Logs and Perform Web Application Forensics to Examine Various Web Based Attacks

• Investigating Cross-Site Scripting Attack
• Investigating SQL Injection Attack
• Investigating Directory Traversal Attack
• Investigating Command Injection Attack
• Investigating Parameter Tampering Attack
• Investigating XML External Entity Attack
• Investigating Brute Force Attack
• Investigating Cookie Poisoning Attack

- Perform Forensics on Databases, Dark Web, Emails, Cloud and IoT devices

• Database Forensics Using SQL Server Management Studio
• Database Forensics Using ApexSQL DBA
• Common Scenario for Reference
• MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 1
• MySQL Forensics for WordPress Website Database: Scenario 2
• Tor Browser Forensics: Memory Acquisition
• Collecting Memory Dumps
• Memory Dump Analysis: Bulk Extractor
• Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Open)
• Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Open)
• Forensic Analysis of Memory Dumps to Examine Email Artifacts (Tor Browser Closed)
• Forensic Analysis of Storage to Acquire the Email Attachments (Tor Browser Closed)
• Forensic Analysis: Tor Browser Uninstalled
• Dark Web Forensics Challenges
• Introduction to email crime investigation
• Steps to investigate email crimes
• Division of Responsibilities
• Where Is the Data Stored in Azure?
• Logs in Azure
• Acquiring A VM in Microsoft Azure
• Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using Azure Portal
• Acquiring A VM Snapshot Using PowerShell
• AWS Forensics
• Wearable IoT Device: Smartwatch
• IoT Device Forensics: Smart Speaker-Amazon Echo

- Perform Static and Dynamic Malware Analysis in a Sandboxed Environment

• Malware Analysis: Static
• Analyzing Suspicious MS Office Document
• Analyzing Suspicious PDF Document
• Malware Analysis: Dynamic

- Analyze Malware Behavior on System and Network Level, and Analyze Fileless Malware

• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Registry Artifacts
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Processes
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Services
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Startup Programs
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Windows Event Logs
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring API Calls
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Device Drivers
• System Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Files and Folders
• Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Network Activities
• Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring Port
• Network Behavior Analysis: Monitoring DNS
• Fileless Malware Analysis: Emotet
• Emotet Malware Analysis
• Emotet Malware Analysis: Timeline of the Infection Chain

• Forensic investigation process
• Importance of the Forensic investigation process
• Setting up a computer forensics lab
• Building the investigation team
• Understanding the hardware and software requirements of a forensic lab
• Validating laboratory software and hardware
• Ensuring quality assurance
• First response basics
• First response by non-forensics staff
• First response by system/network administrators
• First response by laboratory forensics staff
• Documenting the electronic crime scene
• Search and seizure
• Evidence preservation
• Data acquisition
• Data analysis
• Case analysis
• Reporting
• Testify as an expert witness
• Generating Investigation Report
• Mobile Forensics Process
• Mobile Forensics Report Template
• Sample Mobile Forensic Analysis Worksheet

- Understand the methodology to acquire data from different types of evidence

• Data Acquisition Methodology
• Step 1: Determine the Best Data Acquisition Method
• Step 2: Select the Data Acquisition Tool
• Step 3: Sanitize the Target Media
• Step 4: Acquire Volatile Data
• Acquire Data From a Hard Disk
• Remote Data Acquisition
• Step 5: Enable Write Protection on the Evidence Media
• Step 6: Acquire Non-Volatile Data
• Step 7: Plan for Contingency
• Step 8: Validate Data Acquisition Using
• Collecting Volatile Information
• Collecting Non-Volatile Information
• Collecting Volatile Database Data
• Collecting Primary Data File and Active Transaction Logs Using SQLCMD
• Collecting Primary Data File and Transaction Logs
• Collecting Active Transaction Logs Using SQL Server Management Studio
• Collecting Database Plan Cache
• Collecting Windows Logs
• Collecting SQL Server Trace Files
• Collecting SQL Server Error Logs

- Illustrate Image/Evidence Examination and Event Correlation

• Getting an Image Ready for Examination
• Viewing an Image on a Windows, Linux and Mac Forensic Workstations
• Windows Memory Analysis
• Windows Registry Analysis
• File System Analysis Using Autopsy
• File System Analysis Using The Sleuth Kit (TSK)
• Event Correlation
• Types of Event Correlation
• Prerequisites of Event Correlation
• Event Correlation Approaches

- Explain Dark Web and Malware Forensics

• Dark web forensics
• Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Command Prompt
• Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Windows Registry
• Identifying TOR Browser Artifacts: Prefetch Files
• Introduction to Malware Forensics
• Why Analyze Malware?
• Malware Analysis Challenges
• Identifying and Extracting Malware
• Prominence of Setting up a Controlled Malware Analysis Lab
• Preparing Testbed for Malware Analysis
• Supporting Tools for Malware Analysis
• General Rules for Malware Analysis
• Documentation Before Analysis
• Types of Malware Analysis